Research Paper on Elctrocardiogram (Ecg)

Introduction The major function of the vegetable marrow is to force line of work in to a closed system of blood vessels within which the blood is confines and circulated to the entire trunk. boobs action goat be compargond to a muscular pump furnish with one way valves. With each feelbeat, an electric impulse spark offs done the nervus and ca expenditures the bone marrow musculus to squeeze and pump blood from the brass. These galvanising impulses, transmitted through the liveliness, be spread throughout the body. This electrical activity of the core group can be ascertain on the bodys rise up and shewed with an instrument called an cardiograph.A graphic record of knocker activity is called an cardiogram. An electrocardiogram is similarly called an cardiogram or cardiogram. Some clock times the mental scrutinying is called a 12-lead EKG or 12-lead electrocardiogram. This is because the oculuss electrical activity virtually often is put down from 12 di fferent places on the body at the same time. A healthc ar provider whitethorn recommend an electrocardiogram if a person has signs and symptoms that suggest a midsection problem (National Institutes of Health, 2010). Examples of signs and symptoms whitethorn embarrass chest pain, breathing problems, unusual join sounds, palpitation etc.However, this ladder can prove for early bosom disease that has no symptoms. An ECG whitethorn be through as part of a minute health exam and whitethorn be utilize for flake screening beforehand major surgery. Also, this test can be ordered to check how well ticker medicine or a aesculapian craft, such as a pacemaker, is works (National Institutes of Health, 2010). ECG results can be used by the healthc ar provider to assistant plan treatment for a heart condition. Different types of electrocardiograms Many heart problems are present all the time, and thus a commonly used 12-lead ECG test is sufficient to detect any of these problem s.However, certain(a) issues, such as those related to rough heart beat generation, can come and go. They whitethorn be present for only a a few(prenominal) minutes out of the day, or term performing specific daily activities (e. g. , utilisation). In these situations, finical types of ECGs are used to champion diagnose these types of problems. The different ECGs that can be used in these situations are dialect test During stress testing, exercise or medications are used to make heart beat faster and work harder piece of music conducting the ECG. Holter monitor lizard This is a portable device that records the electrical signals of he heart for a full 24 to 48 hour period (Pagana & Pagana, 2010). This is withal called as an ambulant ECG, as daily activities can be performed while wearing it. Event monitor This is a portable device akin holter monitors, but they can be raddled for more than a month and are used to detect abnormalities of short epoch and that occur infre quently. This report card discusses 12-lead ECG that is most commonly used in health care settings. Explanation of ECG test and related physiology A typical ECG has three distinguishable quavers or excursions.The relationship between the digressions shudders of an ECG and sequential exhilaration of the heart is shown below (The Biology corner, 2011) Figure1. The ecological succession of excitation of the heart related to deflection waves of an ECG tracing. The first wave, the small P wave, lasts rough 0. 08 s (Marieb & Mitchell, 2010). This wave results from crusade of the depolarisation wave from the hearts SA lymph gland through atria. The second wave, the QRS multiplex is the largest waves of all the three waves. It results from ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction.Average duration of the QRS complex is 0. 08 s (Marieb & Mitchell, 2010). A prolonged QRS complex whitethorn call for a right or left bundle branch closing in which one ventricl e is espial later than the other. The third wave, the T wave is caused by ventricular depolarization and typically lasts about 0. 16 s (Marieb & Mitchell, 2010). The P-R musical interval represents the time between the beginning of atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization and it lasts about 0. 16 to 0. 18 s. A long-acting interval may suggest a partial AV heart retard caused by damage to the AV node (Marieb & Mitchell, 2010).Lack of impulses through AV node may advert a total heart block. The Q-T interval is the period from the beginning of ventricular depolarization and repolarization that normally lasts 0. 31 to 0. 41 s (Marieb & Mitchell, 2010). The shorter Q-T interval may indicate tachycardia, and a longer may indicate bradycardia. Normal/abnormal findings In a healthy heart, the size, duration and quantify of the deflection waves tend to be consistent. For this reason, changes in the physical body or timing of the ECG may reveal a diseased or damaged heart or problems with the hearts onduction system (Marieb & Mitchell, 2010). An ECG gives devil major kinds of information. First, by bill time intervals on the ECG, a doctor can determine how long the electrical wave acquits to pass through the heart (Pagana & Pagana, 2010). conclusion out how long the wave takes to travel from one part of the heart to the side by side(p) shows if the electrical activity is normal or slow, fast or ir firm. Second, by measuring the amount of electrical activity fugitive through the heart muscle, a heart surgeon may be able to find out if parts of the heart are too large or are overworked (Pagana & Pagana, 2010).Normal ECG values include a heart rate of 60 to100 beats /min and an even and consistent heart rhythm (National Institutes Of Health, 2010). Abnormal ECG results may indicate a sign of following health issues Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) cardiac muscle defect Congenital heart defect Faster than normal heart rate (tachycardia) Slower t han normal heart rate (bradycardia) Heart valve disease turmoil of the heart (myocarditis) Changes in the amount of electrolytes (chemicals in the blood) Past heart attack amaze or impending heart attackAn electrocardiogram may be performed to diagnose surplus conditions which are not listed above. ECG occasion and Patient preparation The enduring does not need to take any special steps before having an electrocardiogram. However, the imbibe may ask about the medicines the patient is fetching as some medicines can take up the results. Also, the nurse performing the test may initiate the patient to avoid exercising or drinking cold pissing immediately before an ECG, as it may cause false results. The procedure of an ECG is painless and harmless. A nurse give attach soft, sticky patches called electrodes to the skin of chest, arms, and legs.The patches are about the size of a quarter. Often, 12 patches are attached to patients body. This assists detect the hearts electrica l activity from umpteen areas at the same time. The nurse may have to shave areas of the skin to help the patches stick. After the patches are placed on patients skin, he/she ordain lie still on a table while the patches detect hearts electrical signals (Pagana & Pagana, 2010). During the ECG recording, nurse may instruct the patient to lie quietly for 10-20 seconds, because the electrocardiograph testament detect any muscle or body movement.A machine will record these signals on graph paper or display them on a screen. The entire test will take about 10 minutes. After an electrocardiogram, the nurse will remove the electrodes (soft patches) from the patients skin. Patient may develop a rash or redness where the EKG patches were attached. This mild rash often goes off without treatment. Patient usually can go back to his/her normal daily routine after an ECG. Summary An electrocardiogram is a painless, non-invasive diagnostic test that records hearts electrical activity.This tes t shows, how fast a heart beats, whether the rhythm of the heart is regular or irregular and the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through each part of the heart. Healthcare providers use this test to study and detect many heart problems and the results of this test can also suggest other disorders that affect heart function. Conducting an ECG when appropriate is a old step in increasing a patients survival, and leads to a clearer, gained reasonableness of what is actually happening to a patients heart.