John Stuart Mill And Sarah Conly Essay - 1440 Words

John Stuart Mill and Sarah Conly have opposing views on the necessity and justifiability of paternal coercion in a state. This essay will present their views regarding the justifiability of state intervention in the case of sugar tax. I will show what arguments both would use to justify their own opinion and at the end present my own arguments in order to argue that sugar tax would not be the ideal solution but coercive paternalism would still be necessary, although used in a slightly different way. In his book â€Å"On Liberty† Mill states that the only time individuals or society as a whole can interfere with individual liberty is for self-protection and that coercion by the many toward the individual is only acceptable when that specific individual poses a threat to others. This is known as the harm principle: The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. Sarah Conly’s book â€Å"Against Autonomy† proposes many counterarguments to the liberalist approach of Mill. One of her most interesting arguments in defense of coercive paternalism is that â€Å"while in some cases autonomous action does no harm, in other cases it does, however ‘harm’ is construed – as detrimental to happiness, detrimental to material survival, or even detrimental to the promotion of autonomous action.† It is really interesting because it claims that perfect autonomy would be detrimental to itself. To give

Approaches to Inclusion - 5803 Words

1 Introduction In this report the researcher aims to demonstrate a critical understanding of the principle that early years settings should provide for the needs of all children, including those with sensory and learning needs, gifted children, and children from remote and nomadic populations, children from linguistic, ethnic or religious minorities and children from other disadvantaged or marginalised areas or groups. For the purpose of this report, the researcher will use the term ‘Children with Special Educational Needs’ to refer to the above groups. The researcher will provide a critical awareness on how theoretical models have changed ways of thinking about inclusive practice and the implications of this on legislation and policy†¦show more content†¦All educational policies, says the Framework, ‘should stipulate that disabled children attend the neighbourhood school, ‘that would be attended if the child did not have a disability.’ (UNESCO, 1994., p.24) There is seemingly little doubt that the catalyst for inclusion within the English system lies in the sentiments outlined in the Salamanca Statement. As Hornby, (2002)., asserts, ‘The statement has resulted in what, at times, appears to be a tidal wave of inclusion intent preached with overpowering zeal by the church of inclusion.’ (p.7) It is observable, though, that despite this ‘missionary zeal’ the implementation of inclusionary practices, within the English system, began slowly. Although some might argue that the last Conservative government, through the Code of Practice (DFE, 1994), encouraged children with special educational needs to ‘join fully with their peers in the curriculum and the life of the setting’ (p.11), others contended that: ‘the code only addressed ‘identification and standardisation’ in an attempt to end the vagueness of special educational needs, previously delivered through a postcode lottery of provision.’ (Clough, 1998. p.2) 2.3 Theoretical Models It is commonly accepted that there are two contrasting ‘models’ or ‘views’ of disability currently present within modern dayShow MoreRelatedEquality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people837 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Level 2 Supporting Teaching Learning in Schools Unit 204 Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Name: Date: 7th February 2014 This assignment covers all outcomes for Unit 4 1.1 What are the laws and codes of practice that relate to the promotion of equality and the valuing of diversity? (Make a list). Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 2005 Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 Human Rights Act 1998 Read MoreA Market Based Approach For Community Development Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket-based approaches to community development. This paper will look at how a market based approach to community development is an important component of community development because it is the appropriate response to the current socio-economic, and political context that our country is in. A market-based approach provides a mechanism to define relationships and allocate economic resources to create systemic change within communities. increasing opportunities for social inclusion and economicRead MoreThe Carter Review Of Initial Teacher Training952 Words   |  4 Pagesand achievement for all children’. Examples of this move towards inclusion is displayed by the publishing of training resources for SEN co-ordinators, such as ‘Supporting Pupils with Dyslexia (Griffiths, Groom and Smith, 2012, p.65), which projects the ‘idea that dyslexia is not an in surmountable barrier but a condition that requires different approaches’, therefore showing a change of attitude towards SEN in order to provide inclusion and education equality. It is evident that the concept of SENRead MoreHomogenization Of Composite Materials1201 Words   |  5 Pagesequivalent properties of composite materials through methods of homogenization [1]–[3]. The long history of exploration of analytical approaches for homogenization of reinforced composites has already provided us with a rich and practical library of solutions, and this quest is still being pursued [4]. As a decedent of analytical methods, multiple new approaches are being developed by implementing power of computer technology with the goal of providing faster, more accurate and more customized solutionsRead MoreI Am Observing For The After School Action Program Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents have learning disabilities. Research has been conducted by my observation of various techniques implemented for the inclusion of these students. During my observation, several approaches have been used with success in retaining students understanding of the material being presented. First, as a student whose major is ECL-6 Special Education, I want to study different approaches to which teachers implement on students with disabilities. Secondly, as I continue to observe, I have become more familiarRead MoreQuestions on Diversity and Inclusions926 Words   |  4 Pagescultures, societies and businesses that have encountered this diversification have had to develop sophisticated codes of conduct to address these problems. What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? Although there are a number of similarities, the concepts of diversity and inclusion are also remarkably distinct (Barak, 2002). Included in the concept of diversity is the idea that there are a great number of groups of people throughout the world all with different experiences. AmongRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of structuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom . The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of studentsRead MorePrinciples, Policies Frameworks of Inclusive Schooling Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesrange o f learning styles and needs. My belief is reflected in the increasing amount of policies and legislation being developed at both state and Commonwealth levels. These approaches range from Anti-Discrimination Acts, Child Protection, Disability Services and Privacy Legislation. Examples of a few of the most recent approaches designed to promote and support Inclusive Education include: †¢ School Improvement and Accountability Framework – Destination 2010 Action Plan, 2006 – 2008 †¢ DisabilityRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities1173 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of structuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom. The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of studentsRead MoreEssay about Adapting the Curriculum Effective Teaching Strategies1641 Words   |  7 PagesThese three approaches will aid teachers in developing a learning environment designed to maximise teaching and learning and make the curriculum accessible to all learners. Part B specifically relates to the advantages and difficulties I may encounter, as a new teacher, during the implementation stages of these models. â€Æ' Part A Discuss in detail ways that teachers can set up the learning environment in order to maximise teaching and learning. There are a variety of approaches teachers may

Social Class Within The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald

Social classes in The Great Gatsby In today’s society many things revolve around your social class, and is that the way things should be? How big of a house you live in, what type of clothes you wear, how much money you have, are all questions that come into effect in today’s world. In the novel The Great Gatsby the theme of social class comes into effect quite often. All of the characters constantly pretend to be someone they are not just trying to be noticed by society. The author F. Scott Fitzgerald uses two main different ways to show social stratification in the book. The first one the author uses is where they live, and how nice their neighborhood and houses are. The second and biggest example that is used is the amount of money each different group has. This essay will discuss how the book, The Great Gatsby uses the social issue of different social classes to show how much of an effect it can put on people. â€Å"Social class is a broad group of society having c ommon economic, cultural, or political status† (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/social+class). In today’s world there are four main different social classes, which are, the lower class, the working class, the middle class, and then the upper class. The lower class consists of the homeless, unemployed and people in poverty. The working class is those who a somewhat educated and engage in manual labor examples of this would be jobs such as: carpenters, plumbers, and electricians. Then the middle class isShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreEssay On Society In The Great Gatsby835 Words   |  4 Pagescreation of new job opportunities. Eventually, a more defined social class structure was established, bringing fluctuations in the distribution of wealth among different ranks in society. This period of time, known as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, is exhibited in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, who uses the characters in the novel to depict the conflict in American society. Gatsby, the central figure of the novel, represents the lower class and is followed as he attempts to achieve the benefits ofRead MoreThe Equality Myth Essays656 Words   |  3 PagesHubbard, Sociologist The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald is as much a novel about social hierarchy as it is about class-consciousness. Throughout the novel we are bombarded with images of extravagant wealth and shuddering pauperism with the elite upper class using those around them as stepping-stones to their own selfish happiness. The novel makes a point to differentiate between classes within classes especially how the sociology of the wealthy differs within itself. The new millionairesRead More Destruction and Failure of a Generation in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Generation      Ã‚   The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masks the decay and corruption that lay at the heart of the Roaring Twenties. The society of the Jazz Age, as observed by Fitzgerald, is morally bankrupt, and thus continually plagued by a crisis of character. Jay Gatsby, though he struggles to be a part of this world, remains unalterably an outsider. His life is a grand irony, in that it is a caricature of Twenties-style ostentation: his closetRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby, we see evidence of the â€Å"Roaring 20s† in which it was set and the mindset of the author, F. Scott Fitzgerald when it was written in the 1950s. If we use this book as any indication of Fitzgerald’s thoughts we can see that he did not think very highly of women, especially within the upper class. All of the women in The Great Gatsby are either unpleasant, dishonest, or shallow. There are three female characters in The Great Gatsby; Daisy Buchanan, the love interest of Gatsby andRead MoreThe Colors of Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgeralds Famous Novel1640 Words   |  7 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald is famous for the detail with which he crafted the quintessential American novel, The Great Gatsby. With his well-chosen words, Fitzgerald painted a fantastic portrait of life during the Roaring Twenties in the minds of his readers, a picture rich with color and excitement. Four colors: green, gold, white, and gray played key roles in the symbolic demonstration of ideas and feelings which, woven together seamlessly, made The Great Gatsby a world-renowned work of literary geniusRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1229 Words   |  5 PagesSimrandeep Farma ENG3U1-02 Ms. Vitelli 1/10/2015 The Great Gatsby The roaring twenties was the period known for its exuberant, overwhelming and free pop culture of all time. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, represent the past historical modernization of a male subjugated social system. The Great Gatsby is a mysterious love tale, and a social interpretation towards the American Life. This story explores the journey for happiness and wealth through the American Dream, and shows howRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s were a time in American history that profoundly depicted social inequality, immorality, superficiality, and unrest. During this time period, the iconic story of F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, was written and published. In this revolutionary novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald revisits his fascinating childhood in a more fictitious manner. The Great Gatsby describes and details the life of a young man from Minnesota, known as Nick Carraway, who moves to New York after World W ar 1 during theRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was one that was highly centralized around the American Dream. The American Dream is the belief that anyone can become successful in America if they worked hard enough. The dream did not discriminate anyone and that is why many people worked towards it. In the novel, it shows that not everyone was living the American Dream but were separated by the social classes of wealth, race, and intelligence. The 1920s in America was a roaringRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1412 Words   |  6 Pages Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby showcases the American society during the Roaring 1920s. During this time period many longed to be rich and become a member of the upper class. It became one’s dream to obtain good social standing rather than to achieve freedom and happiness. Fitzgerald creates characters, such as Daisy Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, who are more concerned with wealth than what truly makes them happy in life. Therefore, many perceive the theme of this novel

Comparing The Oppression Of Women And A Metaphorical...

In comparing the oppression of women to a metaphorical birdcage, Marilyn Frye’s essay â€Å"Oppression† expands the definition of what constitutes as an oppressive act. In doing so, some would argue that her definition allows for nearly every interaction between men and women to have some underlying sexist tone. Others, including myself, would deny such a claim and argue that as opposed to stretching the realms of sexism, Frye’s interpretation contributes to a deeper understanding of sexism in modern society. While it is true that Frye’s metaphor could be over applied and abused, in the long term, it is more beneficial than detrimental. Because the situation of women in the western world has improved vastly in comparison to other societies,†¦show more content†¦It is my belief that the sexism in this act lied firmly in the way he chuckled, and shook his head condescendingly at me. It was as though he were thinking to himself how cute it was that a little woman like me to hold open the door for a strong, capable man such as himself. In laughing at this simple, objectively polite act he confirmed the thought-process behind this â€Å"chivalrous act†. Men hold open the door for woman, not because it’s necessarily polite, but because men subconsciously believe women to be weak. Not only that, but consider the fact that rarely do men hold open the door for men. This is no doubt because men consider other men to be capable of handling themselves in all manners, especially in things as simple as holding open a door. However, this is only one side of the argument, and without the opposing side the discussion is limited. Others would argue that holding open a door is just that, nothing more or less. It is a polite act instilled in many people, especially those living in the Southern areas of the United States, where politeness is particularly emphasized. It could certainly be that is not the act that is sexist but the i ndividual reasons as to why one opens the door for another person. While one man may do so because he believes a woman needs unnecessary help, another may do it because it is not an out of the way gesture. One man may laugh at the act of a woman holding open the door for him, while another

Marketing Research †Short Outline Free Essays

MARKETING RESEARCH General information Definition: â€Å" Systematic and objective collection and analysis of information for the purpose of decision making in marketing â€Å" Key functions: Studies consumer behaviour Helps identify marketing opportunities problems Helps evaluate company’s marketing performance Helps select/ improve marketing strategy Marketing Research ? Market Research Provides data on Provides data on company’s environment company’s own roducts/services/current customers The Marketing Research Process 1. Problem definition 1. 1 Formulating decision problem (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research – Short Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. how to price new product) 1. 2 Determining purpose ; scope of research 2. Research Design Exploratory research: understanding the nature of a problem Conclusive research: answering research questions 2. 1 Choosing Types of data – Facts – Opinions – Motivations 2. 2 Locating Sources of data – Secondary data (previously published) Primary data (obtained directly from the consumer) 2. 3 Methods of Collecting Data from primary sources Observation: Analysing customer? s behaviour Self-reporting Focus group: take part in a discussion to analyse people`s reaction to special topics Projective technique: respondents are asked to say the first word that comes into their minds upon a specific topic Questionnaire: – Mail – Online – Telephone -Personal 2. 3 Selecting the Sample Sample: Group of elements (persons, stores, financial reports) chosen from among a total population Probability sample: Each unit has a known chance of being selected Nonprobability Sample: Sampling units are selected arbitrarily 2. 4 Anticipating the Results = Making a plan about how the marketing research and the final report will be designed 3. Research Conduction = Implementing the research plan 4. Data Processing = Transforming the information obtained into a report for management How to cite Marketing Research – Short Outline, Essays

Philips vs Haier free essay sample

In contemporary societies, strategy has become a prevalent terminology among modern management discipline. However, the definition of strategy is quite vague among previous literatures. These abundant definitions of strategy force us to rethink the strategies implemented in modern firms. In fact, strategy per se is a flowing and dynamic process, with or without intentions, to obtain and sustain competitive advantages. This paper will analyse a particular strategic change of each firm, namely Philips and Haier, to understand their dynamics in strategies, and to demonstrate why they made strategic changes and how these changes could effectively strengthen their competitive advantages and increase their value creations. The paper will be divided into four sections: section one will briefly review the theories of FDI; section two will discuss the cases of both firms‘ strategic changes; section three will discuss the dynamics of strategies in both firms to demonstrate their utilisation in obtain and sustain competitive advantages; in last section, managerial implications will be presented. We will write a custom essay sample on Philips vs Haier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page number of literatures have been developed to analyse the motivations behind MNEs to invest abroad, as summarised. Firms which invest abroad must have some specific ownership advantages outweigh the disadvantages in offshore markets. Ownership advantages include: access to raw materials; economies of scale; intangible assets such as brands, patents, management, etc. Disadvantages include: unfamiliar with offshore market; cost of searching information, negotiation and learning, etc. Technological advantages of firm lead to competitive advantages, and thus give it an edge in exports. Dimensions in determining the locational advantages: geographical features, labour costs; transport costs; and market size. ? Much intangible company specific assets are tacit knowledge, which cannot be easily codified and stolen, and therefore, not easily be transferred to other agencies (Kogut and Zander, 1993). ? N/A In 1977, Dunning developed Ownership-Location-Internalisation (OLI) theory by combining previous studies (Ietto-Gillies, 2005: 112). Ownership advantages are those that are specific to a particular firm which can enable the company to take competitive advantage of investment (Dunning, 2000:164). Locational advantages are those advantages specific to a country which are likely to make it attractive for foreign investors (ibid. ). Internalisation advantages refer to the benefits that derive from producing internally rather than use the market transaction (ibid. ). Therefore, in case of FDI taking places, the enterprises must possess net ownership advantages, and must have benefits from internlising the use of resources, and the country must offer special locational advantages (Ietto-Gillies, 2005: 114). However, Guisinger (2001: 121) argues that internalization (I) only focuses on one entry mode—control of a subsidiary—when many forms of international involvement are possible. Moreover, OLI theory only pays limited attention to international business environment, which may also strongly influence the investment decisions of MNEs (ibid. ). Regarding to the OLI theory, four types of FDIs, notably resource-seeking, market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, and strategic asset-seeking, have been indicated. It is argued that most of the FDIs from developed countries to developing countries are resource-seeking, marketseeking and efficiency seeking FDIs (Cohen, 2007: 66). The abundant natural resources, the potential emerging markets, as well as the low production costs, are the main factors of attracting FDIs from developed countries to developing countries.

Organisation and Sector Leadership Growth †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organisation and Sector Leadership Growth. Answer: Introduction: In order to run an organisation in a proper manner, it is necessary for every business organisation to maintain a proper structure. According to Nahavandi (2016), the structure of an organisation is important to gain success. This is because employees can remain clear about the immediate bosses in case of reporting of any work-related issue. Similarly, following a systematic process can help an organisation to remain on course for its goals and objectives. In this regard, it can be said that HSBC follows certain structures and systems that help the organisation to remain successful in the banking sector. The structure of the organisation is such that it follows a hierarchical system that is headed by the CEO of the company. The fact that the flow of instructions from the topic goes through several stages before reaching the employees is criticised by Story et al. (2014). This is because this takes time and can lead to certain organisational constraints such as delay in organisational information. The organised manner in which HSBC conducts its business signifies that the company can have a good control over the employees and can comply with the rules set up by the managers. The organisational system of HSBC is analysed based on the Graves theory of organisational value system and the personal value system that exists in the organisation. The leadership system involved in HSBC includes sharing the values of the employees. This helps in maintaining a proper culture in HSBC that other organisations find difficult to grasp. HSBC adopts the orange level colour code for its leadership purpose. This is because the company aims at viewing self-success and increase the prosperity of the organisation. Present leadership value systems and structure Every organisation needs a good leader in order to motivate and encourage the employees to continue to work in an efficient manner. Leadership value systems and structure have a severe impact on some of the important functions of an organisation. According to Northouse (2015), the effect may mainly come in a positive manner that helps an organisation to remain productive and continue to satisfy its customers. In this regard, it can be said that the leadership value systems and structure at HSBC also have a positive impact on the leadership, management and employees working at HSBC. The company follows a democratic leadership style that allows every employee to interact with the managers. The employees can present their feedback about company policies and engage in a proper communication method with the managers. This leadership style affects the company in a positive manner as most of the times it is seen that the employees prefer to give their opinion on matters related to the organisation. The management at HSBC needs to ensure that they recruit people capable of being leaders in the business. The leaders need to encourage the managers as well as the employees in order to gain success in the organisation (Ward 2016). Strategies and policies adopted by an organisation need to be different from its competitors. Hence, competitors are essential in order to analyse the capabilities and resources that are possessed by an organisation and the difference it has with others. Chrisman (2015) stated that the differences provide an opportunity for organisations to make rectifications regarding the choice of strategies that are adopted. It is also essential for organisations to conduct a market research that is essential to identify the competitors in the business market. Hence, to understand the differences in the systems and structure of the competitors of HSBC, it needs to analyse and identify the competing organisations. According to Beck and Cowan (2014), being a company of the banking sector, HSBC faces much competition from banks around the world. Every local and national bank around the world aims to be competitive in the business world and gain an upper hand over HSBC. Some of the competitors of the company include BNP Paribas, Citigroup, Standard Chartered, ANZ and RBS. These are banking sectors that have branches all around the world and provide good services to the people. However, unlike HSBC, some of the banks do not support and encourage the participation of employees in the decision-making activities of the bank. For example, the leadership style at BNP Paribas is different from that of HSBC. The employees of BNP Paribas do not possess communication opportunities with the employers. This is mainly due to the huge organisational structure of the company that makes it difficult for the employees to have direct interaction with the CEO. However, encouragement about creative ideas about ways to improve the services to the customers is provided in order to remain competitive in the business. This can be considered a huge step in improving the condition of the bank and make people insert faith in the activities performed by it (Cassidy 2016). It has also been seen that unlike the orange level of organisational leadership style adopted by HSBC, BNP Paribas adopts blue level of leadership. This is because the company considers to be part of a system that rules the banking sector. Positive points and negative traits The differences witnessed from the analysis of the competitors suggest a two-fold impact upon an organisation. A huge fluctuating difference with the competitors can be positive that make up a clear differentiation of the good work that is being carried on in an organisation. HSBC experiences this difference based on the leadership style that is adopted by the company. The fact that leniency is provided to the employees in terms of making own decisions is considered to be a huge difference than the competitors. This acts as an added form of motivation as employees can feel that they are part of the organisation in a much bigger manner (Cresswell and Sheikh 2013). Apart from this, the simple form of organisational structure is also beneficial as employees can understand their immediate bosses and communicate with them based on any grievances or ideas that need to be stated. However, there are negative traits as well that needs to be mitigated. The negative traits basically affect the organisation and the services provided by it. In order to mitigate this, every organisation needs to identify the causes of the negative traits of the organisation. HSBC needs to analyse the negative traits that exist in the organisation. The competitors of the company need to be analysed based on the effective work that is conducted by them. The negative traits of HSBC include the fact it provides excessive freedom to the employees (Mischel 2013). This is a cause for risk as certain decisions taken by the employees may have a bad influence on the organisation. The disadvantage of HSBC in this regard is based on the organisational structure. Despite being simple it also provides opportunities for the employees to apply the decisions without the consent of the managers. In the modern world, it is necessary for every organisation to evolve in order to remain competitive and survive in the market. Evolution of the organisations also helps in evolving the sector which it represents as the business of the sector as a whole improves. This can provide an excellent opportunity to gain a competitive edge over the rival sectors in a market (Miner 2015). HSBC is a public sector company that can be categorised under the financial sector. Over the years, development in technology and demography has helped the sector to evolve. The rise of more banks in the country has contributed in maintaining the rivalry among the financial sector as well as helps to develop the organisations involved in the sector. Some of the major areas in which the sector has seen improvement include the technological department. According to Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and Dibb (2014), the advent of technology particularly computers and applications have helped in the evaluation of the financial sector. This is because most organisations use the technology in order to make calculations that are complex for the human beings. The accuracy of the data can also be maintained with the help of technology. Apart from this, the rise of competitors in the market has brought about new ideas in the financial sectors. The fact that these companies have managed to contribute to the development of ideas such as reducing loans of education and home have helped in the growth of the financial sector. Companies like HSBC, BNP Paribas and so on have managed to provide the financial sector with the required changes that are useful for gaining an edge over other sectors in the industry. Differences with competitors In a competitive market, there exist a huge number of sectors. All the sectors have its unique characteristic and help in the development of a society and the business. Apart from the financial sectors, retail sectors, healthcare sectors as well as hospitality sectors exist in a market. These sectors do not have competition with each other in terms of attracting customers as the products and services of these sectors are different from one another. However, competition exists in the evolution of the sectors and the manner in which profitability of the sectors increase. According to Cadden, Marshall and Cao (2013), it has been seen that technology is used in every sector in order to maintain competition in the market. The use of technology has been beneficial to every sector based on the terms and services of the organisations. However, a difference arises in the application of technology along with the adoption of it. It has been seen that technology is mostly used in the financial sector mainly for completing critical calculations. This was adopted early as the computers were designed based on accepting programmes. Hence, it can be said that the early adoption of technology was implemented by the financial sector. However, it has been seen that the retail companies use technology for the purpose of increasing profit (Du et al. 2013). In the modern day, online purchase of materials has become a major trend. Hence, retail sector companies develop the technologies that can help in attaining organisational goals. Hence, it could be said that such difference in the evolution among the sectors pose serious competition in terms of increasing profit and surviving in the market. Based on the discussion it can be said that evolution among sectors has brought about positive as well as negative factors for every sector. This is mainly because of the fact that the evolution of every sector has not been the same owing to the application of the factors that lead to development. In this regard, it can be said that in the case of the financial sector, the major positive differences that the sector faced was the fact that the sector was the early users of technology (Kempster, Higgs and Wuerz 2014). This is an advantage for the sector it has been witness to the development of technology over the years. This is considered as positive differentiation as the financial sector adopted the use of technologies and ensured that the workload of the employees is reduced. In this regard, the negative traits of the sector can also be highlighted. The fact that the financial sector does not interact with the online sales of products proves as a disadvantage to the sector. Despite, the development of electronic transfer of money, most people prefer to visit the banks in case of any clarification. This proves as a negative trait for the sector, as people believe in face to face interaction more than any electronic transfer (Jarrett and Vince 2017). Hence, despite the popularity and the early adoption of technology, trust among the people is not developed. Hence, changes may be required in the organisations involved in the financial sector in order to respond to the evolution of the competition in the business market. Critically assessing and analysing: According to Bolman and Deal (2017), change is one of the most consistent factors that every organisation needs to deal with. Changes in the sectors help in the development of an organisation and improve the failing factors such as productivity and profitability of an organisation. Changes are also required in the financial sector in order to modernise the business and remain competitive in the market. The manner in which this can be done involves understanding the latest trends that are required in the business. It has been seen that a proper market research is essential in order to understand the strategies of the competitors. In order to develop a research team, it is necessary that the companies in the financial sector recruit people with experience in the field of marketing. In the case of HSBC, the marketing team need to conduct a survey about the benefits and pitfalls that customers suffer while banking with the company. Apart from this changes are also taking place in the adoption of technology. Technology helps in making most of the work easier for the employees. Hence, most successful organisations in the sector adopt the use of technology in order to remain competitive in the market by satisfying customers (Doppelt 2017). Banks such as PNB Paribas and Standard Chartered have used technologies in order to interact with the customers and solve any clarification of the people. Thus, these changes can help an organisation as well as the sectors to mitigate any challenges that may occur in the organisation. Most employees in an organisation react negatively to the changes that take place. This is mainly due to the fear of change in the process and that new technology or method of work may cause loss of jobs. However, on some occasions, it is seen that due to lack of proper infrastructure, resources and capabilities organisations fail to implement changes (Waddell et al. 2013). In the case of HSBC, the implementation of technical changes in the organisation has resulted in reducing the workforce of the employees. However, unlike Standard Chartered, HSBC has not been able to use the technology in order to solve clarification of the customers. This needs the use of a proper application that can be implemented in the mobile phones in order to gain access to the bank and speak to its personnel. HSBC need to improve accepting the changes that are required in the organisation. Shahzad, Bajwa and Zia (2013) were of the opinion that lack of resources to maintain changes in an organisation can be overcome by the application of strategies that can be helpful in mitigating the deficiency. In the case of HSBC, the managers need to formulate strategies that are useful for the development of the organisation. Leadership techniques need to evolve in order to encourage the employees to accept changes. In the case of rectifying the communication with the customers, the organisation needs to conduct surveys that can help in learning the feedback from the customers. The leaders need to ensure that the employees involved in the interaction with the customers are capable enough to solve the problems of the customers. Identifying and critically assessing: Every organisation faces certain issues that may hamper its work progress. These issues can be in the form of managerial issues, marketing or issue with customers. Berman (2015) stated that issues in organisations ranging from the level of employees to the level of employers. In the case of HSBC, the issues that normally occur in the organisation include: Issues regarding target: Most employees are given a monthly target to attract a certain number of customers at the end of the month. Failure to do so may cause financial loss for the company. However, on most occasions, the target cannot be met due to external factors such as an economic problem or social problem (Jin, Ji and Gu 2016). The issue in this regard is the fact that managers do not remain considerate while deducting salary that led to the failure of the organisational target. Issues with customers: This issue is quite common in HSBC as most customers find it difficult to understand the policies of the bank. They are also of the view that the bank employees do not provide support in order to clear their doubts. Hence, this becomes a big issue for the company as satisfying customers is an important aim of HSBC. The manner in which these customers can be made to trust the company is by engaging in proper communication. The communication needs to be such that it helps HSBC to understand the requirements of the customers and provide effective solutions. HSBC also need to develop sustainable practice in order to maintain the environment. Key actions required Every organisation needs to maintain certain goals in order to set them on the right path. Sustainability is one of the goals that an organisation needs to maintain in order to ensure that the environment is kept safe. The manners in which these goals are achieved are based on the strategies and policies of the organisation. In this regard, it can be said that HSBC also needs to develop plans in order to maintain the sustainability of the organisation. These actions are needed keeping in mind the future of the organisation. According to Hayes (2014), the manner in which sustainability is developed in an organisation is based on the type of work that is done. HSBC is a banking sector that provides advice to customers regarding ways to conserve their earned amount. Hence, the company does not engage in manufacturing products, wastes of which may harm the environment. Hence, acts related to the sustainability of the environment need to be done by conducting corporate social responsibilities. The social responsibility of HSBC is to promote the sustainability of the environment (Vann, Coleman and Simpson 2014). In this regard, the important actions taken by the organisation involves the providing training to the employees about the importance of sustainability in an organisation. HSBC can develop a green awareness campaign that can be funded by the bank in order to encourage the people to invest in saving the green plants of the society. Thus, this can act as an important aspect of the organisation and can help in gaining a good reputation in the society. Reference Beck, D.E. and Cowan, C., 2014.Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Berman, B., 2015. How to compete effectively against low-cost competitors.Business Horizons,58(1), pp.87-97. 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